The Beginnings of Applied Psychology

Clinical, Industrial-Organizational

By Lucie Johnson, 10/31/02

Wundt's Rebel Students

n Lightner Witmer (1867-1956)

n Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955)

n Anna Berliner (1888-1977)

n Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916)

The Clinician as Scientist-Practitioner

n Lightner Witmer wanted to apply experimental psychology findings to clinical problems: model as the clinician as scientist practitioner, hence the current award in his name.

n Started the field of school psychology

n First course in clinical psychology

n First journal in the field: Psychological Clinic

Examples of Witmer’s work

n A description of his early work by Witmer himself: what is clinical psychology?

n Things at the University of Pennsylvania were contentious around issues of academic freedom. Witmer speaks up in the Scott Nearing case.

Clinical Psychology as a New Field

n 1917: American Association of Clinical Psychology

n APA section on Clinical Psychology (till 1927) -but not full APA status

n 1926: American Orthopsychiatric Association

n Current APA Division 12

Walter Dill Scott

n The Theory and Practice of Advertising

n Interest in personnel selection and management

n Becomes professor of Applied Psychology

n Increasing Human Efficiency in Business

The Hawthorne Studies

n Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments

n Those are classical studies on motivation, with an unexpected finding. Read them and find out…

Women in I/O

n Lillian Moller Gilbreth (1878-1972) --from “Cheaper by the Dozen” fame: time and motion analysis.

n Another webpage on her

I/O as a field

n APA division 14